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1.
Braz. j. biol ; 82: e239868, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1278494

ABSTRACT

Fluoroquinolones are important antimicrobial agents for the treatment of Pseudomonas infections. A total of 11 isolates of P. aeruginosa were collected from different clinical samples from different medical centers in the North West Bank-Palestine during 2017. In this study, resistance to fluoroquinolones and secretions of ß-lactamases were detected by phenotypic methods, while presence of ß-lactamase gene sequences and other virulence factors were detected by PCR technique. PCR product for gyrA, parC and parE genes were sequenced for further analyses. The phylogenetic analyses, population diversity indices and haplotypes determination were conducted using computer programs MEGA version 6, DnaSP 5.1001 and median-joining algorithm in the program Network 5, respectively. Results of this study showed that the MIC for ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin had a range of 32-256 µg/ml. In addition, all isolates carried either exoT or exoT and exoY genes, different ß-lactamase genes and 82% of these isolates harbored class 1 integrons. Analyses of the gyrA, parC and parE sequences were found to be polymorphic, had high haplotype diversity (0.945-0.982), low nucleotide diversity (0.01225-0.02001) and number of haplotypes were 9 for each gyrA and parE genes and 10 haplotypes for parC gene. The founder haplotypes being Hap-1 (18%), Hap-2 (27.3%) and Hap-6 (9.1%) for gyrA, parC and parE genes, respectively. Two of ParE haplotypes were detected as indel haplotypes. The Median-joining- (MJ) networks constructed from haplotypes of these genes showed a star-like expansion. The neutrality tests (Tajima's D test and Fu's Fs test) for these genes showed negative values. Palestinian fluoroquinolone resistant P. aeruginosa strains showed high MIC level for fluoroquinolones, ß-lactamase producers, carried type III secretion exotoxin-encoding genes, most of them had integrase I gene and had high level of mutations in QRDR regions in gyrA, parC and parE genes. All these factors may play an important role in the invasiveness of these strains and make them difficult to treat. Isolation of these strains from different medical centers, indicate the need for a strict application of infection control measures in Medical centers in the North West Bank-Palestine that aim to reduce expense and damage caused by P. aeruginosa infections. Molecular analyses showed that Palestinian fluoroquinolone resistant P. aeruginosa haplotypes are not genetically differentiated; however, more mutations may exist in these strains.


Fluoroquinolonas são agentes antimicrobianos importantes para o tratamento de infecções por Pseudomonas. Um total de 11 bacilos isolados de P. aeruginosa foram coletados de diferentes amostras clínicas provenientes de diferentes centros médicos na Cisjordânia-Palestina durante o ano de 2017. Neste estudo, resistência a fluoroquinolonas e secreções de ß-lactamases foram detectadas por métodos fenotípicos, enquanto a presença de sequências do gene ß-lactamase e outros fatores de virulência foram detectados pela técnica de PCR (Proteína C-reativa). O produto de PCR para os genes gyrA, parC e parE foram sequenciados para análises posteriores. As análises filogenéticas, os índices de diversidade populacional e a determinação de haplótipos foram realizados utilizando os softwares MEGA versão 6, DnaSP 5.1001 e o algoritmo de junção de mediana do programa Network 5, respectivamente. Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que a MIC para ciprofloxacina e norfloxacina tinha um intervalo de 32-256 µg/ml. Além disso, todos os bacilos isolados carregavam genes exoT ou exoT e exoY, genes de ß-lactamase diferentes e 82% desses isolados continham integrons de classe 1. As análises das sequências gyrA, parC e parE foram consideradas polimórficas, com alta diversidade de haplótipos (0,945-0,982), baixa diversidade de nucleotídeos (0,01225-0,02001) e o número de haplótipos foi de 9 para cada gene de gyrA e parE e 10 haplótipos para o gene parC. Os haplótipos fundadores são Hap-1 (18%), Hap-2 (27,3%) e Hap-6 (9,1%) para os genes gyrA, parC e parE, respectivamente. Dois dos haplótipos parE foram detectados como haplótipos InDel. As redes Median-joining (MJ) construídas a partir de haplótipos desses genes mostraram uma expansão semelhante à de uma estrela. Os testes de neutralidade (teste D de Tajima e teste Fs de Fu) para esses genes apresentaram valores negativos. As cepas palestinas de P. aeruginosa resistentes a fluoroquinolonas mostraram alto nível de MIC para fluoroquinolonas, produtores de ß-lactamase, genes codificadores de exotoxina de secreção tipo III, a maioria deles tinha o gene integrase I e tinha alto nível de mutações nas regiões QRDR nos genes gyrA, parC e parE. Todos esses fatores podem desempenhar um papel importante na invasão dessas cepas e torná-las difíceis de tratar. O isolamento dessas cepas em diferentes centros médicos, indica a necessidade de uma aplicação estrita de medidas de controle de infecção em centros médicos da Cisjordânia-Palestina que visam reduzir despesas e danos causados por infecções por P. aeruginosa. As análises moleculares mostraram que os haplótipos de P. aeruginosa resistentes à fluoroquinolona palestina não são geneticamente diferenciados; no entanto, mais mutações podem existir nessas cepas.


Subject(s)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genetics , Fluoroquinolones/pharmacology , Phylogeny , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , DNA Topoisomerase IV/genetics , Mutation
2.
Braz. j. biol ; 82: 1-10, 2022. tab, ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1468554

ABSTRACT

Fluoroquinolones are important antimicrobial agents for the treatment of Pseudomonas infections. A total of 11 isolates of P. aeruginosa were collected from different clinical samples from different medical centers in the North West Bank-Palestine during 2017. In this study, resistance to fluoroquinolones and secretions of β-lactamases were detected by phenotypic methods, while presence of β-lactamase gene sequences and other virulence factors were detected by PCR technique. PCR product for gyrA, parC and parE genes were sequenced for further analyses. The phylogenetic analyses, population diversity indices and haplotypes determination were conducted using computer programs MEGA version 6, DnaSP 5.1001 and median-joining algorithm in the program Network 5, respectively. Results of this study showed that the MIC for ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin had a range of 32-256 µg/ml. In addition, all isolates carried either exoT or exoT and exoY genes, different β-lactamase genes and 82% of these isolates harbored class 1 integrons. Analyses of the gyrA, parC and parE sequences were found to be polymorphic, had high haplotype diversity (0.945-0.982), low nucleotide diversity (0.01225-0.02001) and number of haplotypes were 9 for each gyrA and parE genes and 10 haplotypes for parC gene. The founder haplotypes being Hap-1 (18%), Hap-2 (27.3%) and Hap-6 (9.1%) for gyrA, parC and parE genes, respectively. Two of ParE haplotypes were detected as indel haplotypes. The Median-joining- (MJ) networks constructed from haplotypes of these genes showed a star-like expansion. The neutrality tests (Tajima’s D test and Fu’s Fs test) for these genes showed negative values. Palestinian fluoroquinolone resistant P. aeruginosa strains showed high MIC level for fluoroquinolones, β-lactamase producers, carried type III secretion exotoxin-encoding genes, most of them [...].


Fluoroquinolonas são agentes antimicrobianos importantes para o tratamento de infecções por Pseudomonas. Um total de 11 bacilos isolados de P. aeruginosa foram coletados de diferentes amostras clínicas provenientes de diferentes centros médicos na Cisjordânia-Palestina durante o ano de 2017. Neste estudo, resistência a fluoroquinolonas e secreções de β-lactamases foram detectadas por métodos fenotípicos, enquanto a presença de sequências do gene β-lactamase e outros fatores de virulência foram detectados pela técnica de PCR (Proteína C-reativa). O produto de PCR para os genes gyrA, parC e parE foram sequenciados para análises posteriores. As análises filogenéticas, os índices de diversidade populacional e a determinação de haplótipos foram realizados utilizando os softwares MEGA versão 6, DnaSP 5.1001 e o algoritmo de junção de mediana do programa Network 5, respectivamente. Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que a MIC para ciprofloxacina e norfloxacina tinha um intervalo de 32-256 µg/ml. Além disso, todos os bacilos isolados carregavam genes exoT ou exoT e exoY, genes de β-lactamase diferentes e 82% desses isolados continham integrons de classe 1. As análises das sequências gyrA, parC e parE foram consideradas polimórficas, com alta diversidade de haplótipos (0,945-0,982), baixa diversidade de nucleotídeos (0,01225-0,02001) e o número de haplótipos foi de 9 para cada gene de gyrA e parE e 10 haplótipos para o gene parC. Os haplótipos fundadores são Hap-1 (18%), Hap-2 (27,3%) e Hap-6 (9,1%) para os genes gyrA, parC e parE, respectivamente. Dois dos haplótipos parE foram detectados como haplótipos InDel. As redes Median-joining (MJ) construídas a partir de haplótipos desses genes mostraram uma expansão semelhante à de uma estrela. Os testes de neutralidade (teste D de Tajima e teste Fs de Fu) para esses genes apresentaram valores negativos. As cepas palestinas de P. aeruginosa resistentes a fluoroquinolonas mostraram alto nível de MIC para [...].


Subject(s)
Infection Control/standards , Fluoroquinolones/administration & dosage , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genetics , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolation & purification
3.
Braz. j. biol ; 822022.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1468741

ABSTRACT

Abstract Fluoroquinolones are important antimicrobial agents for the treatment of Pseudomonas infections. A total of 11 isolates of P. aeruginosa were collected from different clinical samples from different medical centers in the North West Bank-Palestine during 2017. In this study, resistance to fluoroquinolones and secretions of -lactamases were detected by phenotypic methods, while presence of -lactamase gene sequences and other virulence factors were detected by PCR technique. PCR product for gyrA, parC and parE genes were sequenced for further analyses. The phylogenetic analyses, population diversity indices and haplotypes determination were conducted using computer programs MEGA version 6, DnaSP 5.1001 and median-joining algorithm in the program Network 5, respectively. Results of this study showed that the MIC for ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin had a range of 32-256 µg/ml. In addition, all isolates carried either exoT or exoT and exoY genes, different -lactamase genes and 82% of these isolates harbored class 1 integrons. Analyses of the gyrA, parC and parE sequences were found to be polymorphic, had high haplotype diversity (0.945-0.982), low nucleotide diversity (0.01225-0.02001) and number of haplotypes were 9 for each gyrA and parE genes and 10 haplotypes for parC gene. The founder haplotypes being Hap-1 (18%), Hap-2 (27.3%) and Hap-6 (9.1%) for gyrA, parC and parE genes, respectively. Two of ParE haplotypes were detected as indel haplotypes. The Median-joining- (MJ) networks constructed from haplotypes of these genes showed a star-like expansion. The neutrality tests (Tajimas D test and Fus Fs test) for these genes showed negative values. Palestinian fluoroquinolone resistant P. aeruginosa strains showed high MIC level for fluoroquinolones, -lactamase producers, carried type III secretion exotoxin-encoding genes, most of them had integrase I gene and had high level of mutations in QRDR regions in gyrA, parC and parE genes. All these factors may play an important role in the invasiveness of these strains and make them difficult to treat. Isolation of these strains from different medical centers, indicate the need for a strict application of infection control measures in Medical centers in the North West Bank-Palestine that aim to reduce expense and damage caused by P. aeruginosa infections. Molecular analyses showed that Palestinian fluoroquinolone resistant P. aeruginosa haplotypes are not genetically differentiated; however, more mutations may exist in these strains.


Resumo Fluoroquinolonas são agentes antimicrobianos importantes para o tratamento de infecções por Pseudomonas. Um total de 11 bacilos isolados de P. aeruginosa foram coletados de diferentes amostras clínicas provenientes de diferentes centros médicos na Cisjordânia-Palestina durante o ano de 2017. Neste estudo, resistência a fluoroquinolonas e secreções de -lactamases foram detectadas por métodos fenotípicos, enquanto a presença de sequências do gene -lactamase e outros fatores de virulência foram detectados pela técnica de PCR (Proteína C-reativa). O produto de PCR para os genes gyrA, parC e parE foram sequenciados para análises posteriores. As análises filogenéticas, os índices de diversidade populacional e a determinação de haplótipos foram realizados utilizando os softwares MEGA versão 6, DnaSP 5.1001 e o algoritmo de junção de mediana do programa Network 5, respectivamente. Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que a MIC para ciprofloxacina e norfloxacina tinha um intervalo de 32-256 µg/ml. Além disso, todos os bacilos isolados carregavam genes exoT ou exoT e exoY, genes de -lactamase diferentes e 82% desses isolados continham integrons de classe 1. As análises das sequências gyrA, parC e parE foram consideradas polimórficas, com alta diversidade de haplótipos (0,945-0,982), baixa diversidade de nucleotídeos (0,01225-0,02001) e o número de haplótipos foi de 9 para cada gene de gyrA e parE e 10 haplótipos para o gene parC. Os haplótipos fundadores são Hap-1 (18%), Hap-2 (27,3%) e Hap-6 (9,1%) para os genes gyrA, parC e parE, respectivamente. Dois dos haplótipos parE foram detectados como haplótipos InDel. As redes Median-joining (MJ) construídas a partir de haplótipos desses genes mostraram uma expansão semelhante à de uma estrela. Os testes de neutralidade (teste D de Tajima e teste Fs de Fu) para esses genes apresentaram valores negativos. As cepas palestinas de P. aeruginosa resistentes a fluoroquinolonas mostraram alto nível de MIC para fluoroquinolonas, produtores de -lactamase, genes codificadores de exotoxina de secreção tipo III, a maioria deles tinha o gene integrase I e tinha alto nível de mutações nas regiões QRDR nos genes gyrA, parC e parE. Todos esses fatores podem desempenhar um papel importante na invasão dessas cepas e torná-las difíceis de tratar. O isolamento dessas cepas em diferentes centros médicos, indica a necessidade de uma aplicação estrita de medidas de controle de infecção em centros médicos da Cisjordânia-Palestina que visam reduzir despesas e danos causados por infecções por P. aeruginosa. As análises moleculares mostraram que os haplótipos de P. aeruginosa resistentes à fluoroquinolona palestina não são geneticamente diferenciados; no entanto, mais mutações podem existir nessas cepas.

4.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 38(4): 577-586, oct.-dic. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1365926

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Objetivo. Determinar la estructura genética de las cepas drogorresistentes de Mycobacterium tuberculosis que circularon en todo el Perú durante los años 2011-2015 a través de haplotipos obtenidos de un ensayo con sondas en línea. Materiales y métodos. Se analizaron 6589 muestras que ingresaron al Instituto Nacional de Salud para el diagnóstico rutinario mediante el ensayo GenoType® MTBDRplus v2, durante el periodo de estudio. Se crearon haplotipos resistentes mediante la concatenación de 21 sitios polimórficos de los genes evaluados por el ensayo con sondas en línea, y se realizó el análisis de asociación con fenotipos obtenidos por el método de proporciones agar 7H10. Resultados. Las mutaciones de mayores frecuencias fueron: rpoB S531L (55,4%) y rpoB D516V (18,5%) para la resistencia a rifampicina, y katG S315T (59,5%) e inhA c-15t (25,7%) para la resistencia a isoniacida. Se obtuvieron 13 haplotipos representativos (87,8% de muestras analizadas) de los cuales seis correspondieron al genotipo multidrogorresistente, cuatro al genotipo monorresistente a isoniacida y tres al genotipo monorresistente a rifampicina. Dieciocho departamentos, y la provincia del Callao, presentaron una alta diversidad haplotípica; cuatro presentaron moderada diversidad y dos presentaron baja diversidad. Conclusiones. Existe una alta diversidad haplotípica en la mayoría de los departamentos, además de una concentración de las cepas de Mycobacterium tuberculosis drogorresistentes en las ciudades de Lima y Callao. Asimismo, las cepas de Mycobacterium tuberculosis con perfil drogorresistente que circulan en el Perú contienen principalmente los marcadores genéticos de mayor prevalencia a nivel mundial asociados con la resistencia frente a rifampicina e isoniacida.


ABSTRACT Objective. To determine the genetic structure of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that circulated throughout Peru during the years 2011-2015, by using haplotypes obtained from a line probe assay. Materials and methods. A total of 6589 samples that were admitted to the Instituto Nacional de Salud for routine diagnosis using the GenoType® MTBDRplus v2 assay were analyzed during the study period. Resistant haplotypes were created by concatenating 21 polymorphic sites of the evaluated genes using the line probe assay; and the association analysis was carried out with phenotypes obtained by the 7H10 agar ratio method. Results. The most frequent mutations were: rpoB S531L (55.4%) and rpoB D516V (18.5%) for rifampicin resistance, and katG S315T (59.5%) and inhA c-15t (25.7%) for isoniazid resistance. We obtained 13 representative haplotypes (87.8% of analyzed samples), 6 corresponded to the multidrug-resistant genotype, 4 to the isoniazid mono-resistant genotype and 3 to the rifampicin mono-resistant genotype. Eighteen regions and the province of Callao showed high haplotype diversity; four showed moderate diversity and two showed low diversity. Conclusions. Most regions showed high haplotype diversity; in addition, most drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were concentrated in the cities of Lima and Callao. Likewise, drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains circulating in Peru mainly contain the genetic markers with the highest prevalence worldwide, which are associated with resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid.


Subject(s)
Tuberculosis , Haplotypes , Drug Resistance , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Peru , Genetic Variation , DNA, Bacterial , Point Mutation , Molecular Epidemiology , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques , Public Health Laboratory Services , Genotype
5.
Braz. j. biol ; 81(3): 584-591, July-Sept. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1153386

ABSTRACT

Abstract The flying fox (Pteropus giganteus) also familiar with the name of the greater Indian fruit Bat belongs to the order Chiroptera and family Pteropodidae. Current research emphasis on the DNA barcoding of P. giganteus in Azad Jammu Kashmir. Bat sequences were amplified and PCR products were sequenced and examined by bioinformatics software. Congeneric and conspecific, nucleotide composition and K2P nucleotide deviation, haplotype diversity and the number of haplotypes were estimated. The analysis showed that all of the five studied samples of P. giganteus had low G contents (G 19.8%) than C (27.8%), A (25.1%) and T (27.3%) contents. The calculated haplotype diversity was 0.60% and the mean intraspecific K2P distance was 0.001% having a high number of transitional substitutions. The study suggested that P. giganteus (R=0.00) do not deviate from the neutral evolution. It was determined from the conclusion that this mtDNA gene is a better marker for identification of Bat species than nuclear genes due to its distinctive characteristics and may serve as a landmark for the identification of interconnected species at the molecular level and in the determination of population genetics.


Resumo A raposa-voadora (Pteropus giganteus), também conhecida como morcego indiano, pertence à ordem dos Chiroptera e à família Pteropodidae. A presente pesquisa dá ênfase ao código de barras de DNA de P. giganteus em Azad Jammu e Caxemira. Sequências genéticas dos morcegos foram amplificadas, e os produtos de PCR foram sequenciados e examinados por software de bioinformática. De espécies congenérica e coespecífica, foram estimados composição nucleotídica e desvio de nucleotídeos K2P, diversidade de haplótipos e número de haplótipos. A análise mostrou que todas as cinco amostras estudadas de P. giganteus apresentaram baixos teores de G (19,8%) em comparação com C (27,8%), A (25,1%) e T (27,3%). A diversidade de haplótipos calculada foi de 0,60%, e a distância média intraespecífica de K2P foi de 0,001%, com um elevado número de substituições transicionais. O estudo sugeriu que P. giganteus (R = 0,00) não se desviou da evolução neutra. É possível concluir que o gene mtDNA é um marcador favorável para identificação de espécies de morcegos do que genes nucleares por causa de suas características distintivas e pode servir como um marco para a identificação de espécies interconectadas em nível molecular e para a determinação genética de populações.


Subject(s)
Animals , Chiroptera/genetics , Pakistan , Haplotypes/genetics , DNA, Mitochondrial , DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic
6.
Ciênc. rural (Online) ; 51(5): e20190984, 2021. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1153898

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: Empirical patterns of linkage disequilibrium (LD) can be used to increase the statistical power of genetic mapping. This study was carried out with the objective of verifying the efficacy of factor analysis (AF) applied to data sets of molecular markers of the SNP type, in order to identify linkage groups and haplotypes blocks. The SNPs data set used was derived from a simulation process of an F2 population, containing 2000 marks with information of 500 individuals. The estimation of the factorial loadings of FA was made in two ways, considering the matrix of distances between the markers (A) and considering the correlation matrix (R). The number of factors (k) to be used was established based on the graph scree-plot and based on the proportion of the total variance explained. Results indicated that matrices A and R lead to similar results. Based on the scree-plot we considered k equal to 10 and the factors interpreted as being representative of the bonding groups. The second criterion led to a number of factors equal to 50, and the factors interpreted as being representative of the haplotypes blocks. This showed the potential of the technique, making it possible to obtain results applicable to any type of population, helping or corroborating the interpretation of genomic studies. The study demonstrated that AF was able to identify patterns of association between markers, identifying subgroups of markers that reflect factor binding groups and also linkage disequilibrium groups.


RESUMO: Padrões empíricos de desequilíbrio de ligação (LD) podem ser utilizados para aumentar o poder estatístico do mapeamento genético. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de verificar a eficácia da análise de fatores (AF) aplicada a conjuntos de dados de marcadores moleculares do tipo SNP, visando identificar grupos de ligação e blocos de haplótipos. O conjunto de dados SNPs utilizado foi oriundo de um processo de simulação de uma população F2, contendo 2000 marcas com informações de 500 indivíduos. A estimação das cargas fatoriais (loadings) da AF foi feita de duas formas, considerando a matriz de distâncias entre os marcadores (A) e considerando a matriz de correlação (R). O número de fatores (k) a ser utilizado foi estabelecido com base no gráfico scree-plot e com base na proporção da variância total explicada. Os resultados indicam que as matrizes A e R conduzem a resultados similares. Com base no scree-plot considerou-se k igual a 10 e os fatores interpretados como sendo representativos dos grupos de ligação. O segundo critério conduziu a um número de fatores igual a 50, e os fatores interpretados como sendo representativos dos blocos de haplótipos. Isto mostra o potencial da técnica que permite obter resultados aplicáveis ​​a qualquer tipo de população, corroborando a interpretação de estudos genômicos. O trabalho demonstrou que a AF foi capaz de identificar padrões de associação entre marcadores, identificando subgrupos de marcadores que refletem grupos de ligação fatorial e também grupos de desequilíbrio de ligação.

7.
Ciênc. rural (Online) ; 51(7): e20200734, 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1180748

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: Genetic disorders in Holstein cattle are a health problem that has grown worldwide in recent years, compromising the sustainability of modern dairy production. In Uruguay, Holstein-based milk production is one of the most important sectors of the country's economy, but high levels of inbreeding have decreased the breed's fertility in recent decades. This study investigated the presence and diffusion of lethal and semi-lethal alleles causing embryo death, abortions, fetal malformations, and neonatal diseases in Holstein calves. Using the GeneSeek® Genomic Profiler™ Bovine 50K BeadChip, we genotyped 383 calves (1-30 days-old) from 27 farms located in the main dairy region of Uruguay. Results showed a high prevalence of farms (85%) and carrier calves (21%), including one or more of the following semi-lethal or lethal alleles: Syndactylism (4.18%), brachyspina (3.39%), cholesterol deficiency haplotype (2.61%), complex vertebral malformation (2.09%), bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (1.04%s), and Holstein haplotypes HH1 (4.44%), HH3 (3.13%), HH4 (1.04%), and HH5 (0.26%). Most of these alleles had not been recognized previously in Uruguay. We concluded that lethal and semi-lethal mutations are widespread in the Holstein breed in Uruguay. More studies are required to determine their impact on dairy cattle fertility.


RESUMO: Os distúrbios genéticos nos bovinos da raça Holandesa são um problema de saúde que cresceu nos últimos anos a nível mundial, comprometendo a sustentabilidade da produção leiteira moderna. No Uruguai, a produção leiteira com base na raça Holstein é um dos setores mais importantes da economia do país, mas altos níveis de endogamia diminuíram a fertilidade da raça nas últimas décadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a presença e difusão de alelos letais e semi-letais causando morte de embriões, abortos, malformações fetais e doenças neonatais em bezerros da raça Holandesa. Usando o BeadChip Bovino 50K GeneSeek® Genomic Profiler™, genotipamos 383 bezerros (menos de um mês) de 27 fazendas localizadas na principal região leiteira do Uruguai. Os resultados mostraram uma alta prevalência de fazendas (85%) e bezerros portadores (21%), incluindo um ou mais dos seguintes alelos letais ou semi-letais: sindactilismo (4,18%), braquipespina (3,39%), haplótipo de deficiência de colesterol (2,61%), malformação vertebral complexa (2,09%), deficiência de adesão de leucócitos bovinos (1,04% s) e haplótipos de Holstein HH1 (4,44%), HH3 (3,13%), HH4 (1,04%) e HH5 (0,26%). A maioria desses alelos não havia sido reconhecida anteriormente no país. Concluímos que as mutações letais e semi-letais são comuns na raça Holstein no Uruguai. Mais estudos são necessários para determinar seu impacto na fertilidade do gado leiteiro.

8.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 37(5): 541-549, nov. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1144248

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: La evidencia sobre las características genotípicas de la infección por Echinococcus granulosus en humanos es escasa. Objetivo: Desarrollar un resumen de la evidencia disponible respecto a genotipos de E. granulosus verificados en hidatidosis humana en el mundo. Material y Métodos: Revisión sistemática. Se incluyeron artículos relacionados con genotipos de E. granulosus, en humanos, sin restricción de lenguaje ni método de secuenciación; publicados entre 1990-2019. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en WoS, EMBASE, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Trip Database, BIREME, SciELO, LILACS, IBECS y OPS-OMS. Las variables en estudio fueron: año de publicación, país de origen, número de muestras, órganos parasitados, marcador molecular utilizado y genotipo identificado. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Se identificaron 701 artículos relacionados; 62 cumplieron los criterios de selección, representando 1.511 muestras. La evidencia existente fue publicada entre 1994 y 2019 y proviene principalmente de Irán (45,2%). El método de secuenciación más utilizado fue amplificación por reacción de polimerasa en cadena más secuenciación tipo Sanger con genotipificación del gen cox1 (79,0%). Los genotipos identificados con mayor frecuencia fueron G1 (49,1%) y el complejo G1/G3 (32,2%). Conclusión: Las publicaciones relacionadas con genotipos de E. granulosus en humanos son escasas y heterogéneas. Eg G1 representa la mayor parte de la carga global mundial.


Abstract Background: The evidence regarding genotypic characteristics of Echinococcus granulosus infection in humans worldwide is scarce. Aim: To develop a synthesis of the available evidence regarding genotypes of E. granulosus verified in humans worldwide. Methods: Systematic review. Articles related with genotypes of E. granulosus, in humans, without language neither genotyped method restriction, published between 1990-2019 were included. A systematic in WoS, EMBASE, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Trip Database, BIREME, SciELO, LILACS, IBECS, and PAHO-WHO was carried out. In study variables were year of publication, country, number of samples, host and parasite organs, genotype identified, molecular marker and genes. Descriptive statistics were applied. Results: 701 related articles were identified; 62 fulfilled selection criteria, representing 1,511 samples. The existing evidence was published between 1994 and 2019; and mainly comes from Iran (45.2%). The most commonly used sequencing method was PCR amplification and Sanger type sequencing with partial or total genotyping of the cox1 gene. Genotyped method most frequently used was cox1 (79,0%). Genotypes most frequently identified were G1 and G1/G3 complex (49.1% and 32.2%). Conclusions: Publications related to genotypes of Eg in humans are scarce, heterogeneous, and presenting differing results. Eg G1/G3 accounts for most of the global burden worldwide.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Echinococcus granulosus/genetics , Echinococcosis , Phylogeny , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Genotype
9.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 39(3): 595-600, jul.-set. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1038818

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción. Los proyectos del mapa de haplotipos (HapMap) y de los 1.000 genomas han sido fundamentales para la compresión del componente genético de las enfermedades comunes y los fenotipos normales. Sin embargo, la variabilidad genética colombiana incluida en estos proyectos no es representativa del país. Objetivo. Contribuir al conocimiento de la variabilidad genética de la población colombiana a partir del estudio genómico de una muestra de individuos de Bogotá. Materiales y métodos. Se genotipificaron 2'372.784 marcadores genéticos de 32 individuos nacidos en Bogotá y de padres originarios de la misma ciudad utilizando la plataforma Illumina™. Los niveles de variabilidad genética se determinaron y se compararon con los datos disponibles de otras poblaciones del proyecto de los 1.000 genomas. Resultados. Los individuos analizados presentaron una variabilidad genética semejante a la de poblaciones con las que comparten ancestros. No obstante, a pesar de la poca diferenciación genética detectada en la población de Bogotá y en la de Medellín, el análisis de los componentes principales sugiere una composición genética diferente en las dos poblaciones. Conclusiones. El análisis genómico de la muestra de Bogotá permitió detectar similitudes y diferencias con otras poblaciones americanas. El aumento de tamaño de la muestra bogotana y la inclusión de muestras de otras regiones del país permitirán una mejor compresión de la variabilidad genética en Colombia, lo cual es fundamental para los estudios de salud humana, y la prevención y el tratamiento de enfermedades comunes en el país.


Abstract Introduction: The HapMap and the 1000 Genomes projects have been important for understanding the genetic component of common diseases and normal phenotypes. However, the Colombian genetic variability included in these projects is not fully representative of our country. Objective: To contribute to the knowledge of the Colombian genetic variability through the genomic study of a sample of individuals from Bogotá. Materials and methods: A total of 2,372,784 genetic markers were genotyped in 32 individuals born in Bogotá whose parents are from the same region, using the Illumina™ platform. The genetic variability levels were determined and compared with the data available from other populations of the 1000 Genomes Project. Results: The genetic variability detected in the individuals from Bogotá was similar to those with shared ancestry. However, despite the low levels of genetic differentiation between Bogotá and Medellín, populations the principal component analysis suggested a different genetic composition in them. Conclusions: Our genomic analysis of a Bogotá sample allowed us to detect similarities and differences with other American populations. The increase of the Bogotá sample and the inclusion of samples from other regions of the country will improve our understanding of the genetic variability in Colombia, essential for studies of human health and the prevention and treatment of common diseases in our country.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Genetic Variation , Haplotypes , Genetic Markers , Human Genome Project , Cities/ethnology , Colombia/ethnology , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Black People/genetics , American Indian or Alaska Native/genetics , Asian People/genetics , White People/genetics
10.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 39(1): 205-211, ene.-mar. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1038799

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Obesity and colorectal cancer could be linked by adipocytokines, which are proteins associated with cell proliferation. High levels of the adipocytokine leptin promote the development of colorectal cancer through its receptor. Objective: To determine the association between c.326A>G and c.668A>G LEPR gene polymorphisms and colorectal cancer. Materials and methods: DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of 147 patients with sporadic colorectal cancer and 134 healthy people. Genotypes were obtained by PCR- RFLP and the association was determined by the odds ratio (OR) test using the SPSS™, version 10.0, program. Haplotype frequencies and linkage disequilibrium were estimated by the Arlequin, version 3.5, software. Results: Both polymorphisms were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Only the c.326A>G heterozygous genotype revealed an increased risk for colorectal cancer development (OR=1.81, 95% CI=1.04-3.16, p=0.04). The AG haplotype showed a significant association with colorectal cancer (OR=0.58, 95% CI=0.35-0.96, p<0.03). Linkage disequilibrium between the variants was only evident for the patients group (r2=0.36). Conclusion: Our results suggest that AG individuals heterozygous for the c.326A>G LEPR variant have a higher risk of colorectal cancer development whereas the AG haplotype (c.326A/c.668G) has a protective effect in the Mexican population.


Resumen Introducción. La relación entre la obesidad y el cáncer colorrectal podría estar dada por las adipocitocinas, proteínas asociadas con la proliferación celular. Los niveles elevados de la adipocitocina leptina promueven el desarrollo del cáncer colorrectal a través de su receptor. Objetivo. Determinar la asociación de los polimorfismos c.326A>G y c.668A>G del gen LEPR con el cáncer colorrectal. Materiales y métodos. A partir de sangre periférica, se extrajo el ADN de 147 pacientes con cáncer colorrectal esporádico y de 134 personas sanas. La genotipificación se hizo mediante PCR-RFLP y la asociación se determinó por la odds ratio (OR) en el programa SPSS™, versión 10.0. Las frecuencias haplotípicas y el desequilibrio de ligamiento se estimaron utilizando el programa Arlequin, versión 3.5. Resultados. Ambos polimorfismos estaban en equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg. Solo el genotipo heterocigoto c.326A>G reveló un mayor riesgo de desarrollar cáncer colorrectal (OR=1,81; IC95% 1,04-3,16; p=0,04). El haplotipo AG mostró una asociación significativa con este cáncer (OR=0,58; IC95% 0,35-0,96; p≤0,03) y el desequilibrio de ligamiento entre las variantes fue evidente únicamente en el grupo de pacientes (r2=0,36). Conclusión. Los resultados sugieren que los individuos heterocigotos con el haplotipo AG para la variante c.326A>G en el gen LEPR tenían un mayor riesgo de desarrollar cáncer colorrectal, en tanto que el haplotipo AG (c.326A/c.668G) tenía un efecto protector en la población mexicana.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Haplotypes , Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Receptors, Leptin/genetics , Mexico
11.
Rev. méd. Panamá ; 39(1): 2-7, 2019. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1102142

ABSTRACT

Lutzomyia longipalpis es el principal v ector de una importante enfermedad desatendida en América. La diversidad genética de este vector se estimó en la población colectada en dos áreas geográficas separadas por hasta 37 km. Analizamos la secuencia CB3­PDR / N1N­PDR de 22 individuos obte­ niendo un parámetro de: h = 0.43 y π = 0.0017 (Bona), h = 0.89, π = 0.004 (El Limón) con una dife­ renciación genética de kst = 0.03; p> 0.05 entre ellos. Ocho haplotipos fueron detectados, de los cuales fue compartido. Se detectó una diferenciación significativa entre las poblaciones Panamá­ Colombia (kst = 0.98), Panamá­Costa Rica (kst = 0.98) y Panamá­Brasil (kst = 0.72) bajo el modelo de aislamiento. Las inferencias genéticas de esta población pueden complementar la información de la capacidad de dispersión y brindar pistas importantes para comprender la ecología de Lutzom­yia longipalpisen Panamá.


Lutzomyia longipalpis is the main vector of an important neglected disease in America. The genetic div ers ity of this vector was estimated in the population collected in two geographical areas separated by up to 37 km. We analyzed the sequence CB3­PDR / N1N­PDR of 22 individuals obtaining a parameter of: h = 0.43 and π = 0.0017 (Bona), h = 0.89, π = 0.004 (The Lemon) with a genetic differentiation of kst = 0.03; p> 0.05 between them. Eight haplotypes were detected, of which it was shared. A significant differentiation was detected between the Panama­Colombia (ks t = 0.98), Panama­Costa Rica (kst = 0.98) and Panama­Brazil (kst = 0.72) populations under the isolation model. The genetic inferences of this population can complement the dispersion information and provide important clues to understand the ecology of Lutzomyia longipalpis in Panama.


Subject(s)
Psychodidae/pathogenicity , Leishmaniasis/epidemiology , Genes, Mitochondrial/genetics , Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics
12.
Acta biol. colomb ; 23(3): 253-262, sep.-dic. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-973442

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la frecuencia de haplotipos dentro del cluster de Beta globina presente en pacientes con anemia falciforme en Colombia, establecer la presencia de haplotipos no africanos en esta población, así como verificar variaciones en el patrón de desequilibrio de ligamiento dentro del cluster de Beta globina. Se analizaron 83 individuos con anemia falciforme, los haplotipos se formaron utilizando cinco sitios de restricción dentro del cluster de Beta globina, se estableció la frecuencia de haplotipos, se calculó el grado de desequilibrio de ligamiento entre los sitios de restricción, así como la similitud genética de esta población con otra de afectados en América. Los haplotipos más frecuentes en la población fueron Benin (35,1 %) y Bantú (26, 5 %), ambos africanos. Sin embargo, haplotipos presentes en poblaciones indígenas americanas y europeas alcanzaron frecuencias entre el 2 - 10 %, así como haplotipos que no han sido reportados en otras poblaciones. Los sitios de restricción presentaron bajo o nulo desequilibrio de ligamiento entre ellos. Al compararse con otras poblaciones, la población colombiana presentó mayor similitud con la población de Venezuela en donde Benin y Bantú son también predominantes. Nuestros resultados muestran que el mestizaje ha facilitado el paso de la mutación para la anemia falciforme a un contexto genético no africano (amerindio y europeo). Además, el mestizaje también ha alterado el patrón de desequilibrio de ligamiento dentro del cluster de Beta globina generando modificaciones que pueden tener influencia en estudios de asociación dentro de esta población de afectados.


ABSTRACT The objective of this study was identify the frequency of Beta globin cluster's haplotypes present in sickle cell anemia patients in Colombia, to establish the presence of non-African haplotypes in this population, to verify variations in the pattern of linkage disequilibrium in the Beta globin cluster. It was analyzed 83 individuals affected with sickle cell anemia, the haplotypes were formed using five restriction sites into Beta globin cluster. The haplotype frequency was calculated, as well as the linkage disequilibrium among restriction sites, the genetic similarity among Colombian population and other affected American population was determined. The haplotypes most frequent were Benin (35.1 %) and Bantu (26.5 %), both African. However, haplotypes present in American indigenous and European populations got frequency between two to ten percent, as well as haplotypes not reported in others population were observed in our population. The restriction sites showed low or null linkage disequilibrium. When compare with other populations, the Colombian population showed higher similarity with Venezuelan population where Benin and Bantu are predominant too. Our results showed that admixture has facilitated the move of sickle cell mutation to a non-African genetic context (Amerindian and European). Further, the admixture has also modified the pattern of linkage disequilibrium into the Beta globin cluster generating modifications that could have influence in association studies in this affected population.

13.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 38(supl.2): 117-126, ago. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-974013

ABSTRACT

Introducción. A pesar de los recientes reportes de infección con Plasmodium spp. en poblaciones relacionadas con los linajes noroeste y sureste, Anopheles triannulatus no está incriminado como vector de la transmisión de malaria en Colombia. La diversidad genética puede delimitar la información sobre el flujo génico y la diferenciación poblacional entre localidades con malaria. Objetivo. Estimar la diversidad genética de An. triannulatus en cinco municipios con alta y baja incidencia de malaria en el departamento de Córdoba. Materiales y métodos. La recolección entomológica se hizo entre agosto y noviembre de 2016 en los municipios de Tierralta, Puerto Libertador, Montelíbano, Sahagún y Planeta Rica. Como marcador genético, se utilizó la región de código de barras de ADN del gen mitocondrial COI. El análisis genético incluyó la estimación de los parámetros de diversidad haplotípica, estructura genética y flujo génico, la prueba D de neutralidad de Tajima, la red de haplotipos y las relaciones filogenéticas. Resultados. Se obtuvieron 148 secuencias parciales de 655 nucleótidos del gen COI, de los cuales se derivaron 44 haplotipos. Los haplotipos H2 y H21 fueron los más frecuentes en las poblaciones. Los valores de la prueba D de Tajima fueron negativos y no significativos (p>0,10). Los estimadores de estructura genética (FST=0,01427) y de flujo génico (Nm=17,27) evidenciaron que no hubo diferenciación genética en las poblaciones muestreadas debido al importante intercambio de migrantes. Mediante las inferencias filogenéticas y la red de haplotipos, se identificó una sola especie sin diferenciación geográfica o de linajes en el rango geográfico estudiado. Conclusión. La diversidad genética calculada para An. triannulatus en este contexto, indicó que las poblaciones están en un intercambio constante.


Introduction: Anopheles triannulatus is not incriminated as a vector of malaria transmission in Colombia despite recent reports of infection with Plasmodium spp. in populations related to the northwestern and southeastern lineages. Genetic diversity can delimit information about gene flow and population differentiation in localities with malaria. Objective: To estimate the genetic diversity of An. triannulatus in five municipalities with high and low incidence of malaria in the department of Córdoba. Materials and methods: The entomological collections were done between August and November, 2016, in Tierralta, Puerto Libertador, Montelíbano, Sahagún, and Planeta Rica. We used the COI barcoding fragment as molecular marker. The genetic analysis included the estimation of genetic parameters such as the diversity haplotype, the genetic structure, the gene flow, the Tajima's D test, the haplotype network, and the phylogenetic relationship. Results: We obtained 148 sequences with a length of 655 nucleotides of the COI gene, from which we derived 44 haplotypes. The H2 and H21 haplotypes were the most frequent in the populations. The values of the Tajima's D test were negative and not significant (p>0.10). The genetic structure index (FST=0.01427) and the gene flow (Nm=17.27) evidenced no differentiation between sampled populations due to the high exchange of migrants. Using phylogenetic inferences and the haplotype network, we identified one single species without geographic differentiation or lineages in the geographic range studied. Conclusions: The genetic diversity calculated for An. triannulatus in this context indicated stable populations in constant exchange.


Subject(s)
Anopheles/genetics , Genetic Variation , Haplotypes , Colombia , Gene Flow
14.
J. Bras. Patol. Med. Lab. (Online) ; 53(5): 309-312, Sept.-Oct. 2017.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-893572

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT We report the first case of hemoglobin SD-Punjab disease, a rare form of sickle-cell disease, in the state of Bahia. Detection was possible by a test for the identification of hemoglobin (Hb) variants with the high-resolution liquid chromatography technique. By means of the molecular study of chromosomal polymorphism with beta-globin S gene, the Bantu haplotype was observed. According to studies, there is strong association between the prevalence of Bantu haplotype and reduced levels of fetal Hb and Hb D-Punjab as a stimulating factor for S polymerization, what contributes to the hematological disorders of the disease and organ damage, as gallstones and aseptic necrosis of the femoral head.


RESUMO Reportamos o primeiro caso de hemoglobinopatia SD-Punjab, uma forma rara da doença falciforme, no estado da Bahia. A detecção ocorreu pelo exame para identificação de hemoglobinas (Hb) variantes com técnica de cromatografia líquida de alta resolução. Através do estudo molecular do polimorfismo no cromossomo com gene da betaglobina S, verificou-se a presença do haplótipo Bantu. Segundo estudos, existe forte associação de prevalência do haplótipo Bantu e níveis reduzidos da Hb fetal e da Hb D-Punjab como fator de estímulo à polimerização da S, o que contribui para os distúrbios hematológicos da doença e a lesão de órgãos, como cálculos biliares e necrose asséptica de cabeça de fêmur.

15.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 37(2): 267-273, abr.-jun. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1038788

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introduction: Variants in genes encoding for HIV-1 co-receptors and their natural ligands have been individually associated to natural resistance to HIV-1 infection. However, the simultaneous presence of these variants has been poorly studied. Objective: To evaluate the association of single and multilocus haplotypes in genes coding for the viral co-receptors CCR5 and CCR2, and their ligands CCL3 and CCL5, with resistance or susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. Materials and methods: Nine variants in CCR5-CCR2, two SNPs in CCL3 and two in CCL5 were genotyped by PCR-RFLP in 35 seropositive (cases) and 49 HIV-1-exposed seronegative Colombian individuals (controls). Haplotypes were inferred using the Arlequin software, and their frequency in individual or combined loci was compared between cases and controls by the chi-square test. A p' value <0.05 after Bonferroni correction was considered significant. Results: Homozygosis of the human haplogroup (HH) E was absent in controls and frequent in cases, showing a tendency to susceptibility. The haplotypes C-C and T-T in CCL3 were associated with susceptibility (p'=0.016) and resistance (p'<0.0001) to HIV-1 infection, respectively. Finally, in multilocus analysis, the haplotype combinations formed by HHC in CCR5-CCR2, T-T in CCL3 and G-C in CCL5 were associated with resistance (p'=0.006). Conclusion: Our results suggest that specific combinations of variants in genes from the same signaling pathway can define an HIV-1 resistant phenotype. Despite our small sample size, our statistically significant associations suggest strong effects; however, these results should be further validated in larger cohorts.


ABSTRACT Introducción. Algunas variantes en genes que codifican los correceptores del HIV-1 y sus ligandos se han asociado individualmente a la resistencia natural frente a dicha infección. Sin embargo, su presencia simultánea ha sido poco estudiada. Objetivo. Evaluar la asociación de haplotipos individuales y multilocus en genes que codifican los correceptores virales CCR5 y CCR2 y sus ligandos CCL3 y CCL5 con la resistencia o la propensión a la infección por el HIV-1. Materiales y métodos. Nueve variantes en CCR5-CCR2, dos en CCL3 y dos en CCL5 fueron genotipificadas mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa de polimorfismos de longitud de fragmentos de restricción (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism-PCR-RFLP) en 35 individuos seropositivos (casos) y 49 seronegativos expuestos (controles) de Colombia. Los haplotipos se infirieron utilizando el programa Arlequín, y su frecuencia individual o combinada se comparó en los casos y los controles mediante la prueba de ji al cuadrado. Se consideró significativo un valor de p'<0,05 después de la corrección de Bonferroni. Resultados. La homocigosis del haplogrupo humano (HH) E estaba ausente en los controles y era frecuente en los casos, es decir, con tendencia hacia la propensión. Los haplotipos C-C y T-T en CCL3 se asociaron con la propensión (p'=0,016) y la resistencia (p'<0,0001), respectivamente. Por último, en el análisis multilocus, el haplotipo combinado formado por HHC en CCR5-CCR2, T-T en CCL3 y G-C en CCL5 se asoció con la resistencia (p'=0,006). Conclusión. Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que ciertas combinaciones específicas de variantes en los genes de una misma vía de señalización pueden definir un fenotipo resistente al HIV-1. Aunque el tamaño de la muestra era pequeño, las asociaciones estadísticamente significativas sugieren un efecto considerable; sin embargo, estos resultados deben validarse en cohortes de mayor tamaño.


Subject(s)
Humans , Haplotypes/genetics , HIV Infections/microbiology , HIV Infections/epidemiology , HIV-1/immunology , Receptors, CCR5/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics , Immunity, Innate/immunology , Phenotype , HIV Infections/genetics , Cohort Studies , HIV-1/genetics , HIV-1/chemistry , Colombia , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/physiology , Genotype , Immunity, Innate/physiology
16.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 37(2): 184-190, abr.-jun. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-888458

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción. Los genes que codifican para el sistema de antígenos leucocitarios humanos (Human Leukocyte Antigen, HLA) son muy polimorfos y de gran importancia en procedimientos de trasplante de órganos, ya que la determinación de las frecuencias alélicas en poblaciones específicas se tiene en cuenta entre los criterios científicos para la asignación de órganos. Objetivo. Establecer las frecuencias antigénicas y haplotípicas de HLA-A, -B y -DRB1 en donantes de órganos con muerte encefálica, representativos de la población colombiana. Materiales y métodos. En este estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de 2.506 donantes cadavéricos de órganos, se hizo un análisis alélico y de haplotipos de HLA-A, -B y -DRB1, y se determinó el equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg. Resultados. Se encontraron 21, 43 y 15 grupos alélicos para los loci A*, B* y DRB1*, respectivamente. Se detectaron 1.268 haplotipos HLA-A, -B y -DR, 409 haplotipos HLA A-B, 383 haplotipos HLA-B-DR y 218 haplotipos HLA-A-DR. Los tres loci se encontraban en equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg entre el número de heterocigóticos observados y el esperado, con valores de p<0,05. Conclusiones. En este estudio se proporciona información sobre la distribución de los alelos HLA de clase I y II en la población de donantes de órganos provenientes de las seis regionales en las que está dividido el país para la prestación de servicios de trasplante.


Abstract Introduction: Genes encoding for human leukocyte antigens (HLA) are highly polymorphic and of great importance in organ transplantation procedures, as determining allelic frequencies in defined populations is taken into account among the scientific criteria for organ allocation. Objective: The objective of this study was to establish the antigen HLA-A, -B, and -DRB1 haplotype frequencies in organ donors representative of the Colombian population after brain death. Materials and methods: We conducted a descriptive retrospective study involving 2,506 cadaveric organ donors including an allelic and haplotype analysis of HLA-A, -B and -DRB1; we also determined the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Results: We identified 21, 43 and 15 allelic loci for groups A*, B* and DRB1*, respectively. We detected 1,268 HLA-A, -B and -DR, 409 HLA-A-B, 383 HLA-DR-B, and 218 HLA-A-DR haplotypes. The three loci were found to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium between the number of heterozygotes observed and the expected number, with p values of <0.05. Conclusions: This study provides information on the allelic distribution of HLA class I and II in organ donors from the six regions in which Colombia is structurally divided to provide transplant services.


Subject(s)
Humans , Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics , Haplotypes/genetics , Brain Death , HLA-B Antigens/genetics , Retrospective Studies , Colombia , Alleles
17.
J. Bras. Patol. Med. Lab. (Online) ; 53(1): 24-30, Jan.-Feb. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-893554

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Introduction: Haplotypes in the β S-globin cluster are named according to their geographical origin as Central African Republic (CAR), Benin (BEN), Senegal (SEN), Cameroon (CAM) and Arab-Indian. They are considered to have influence on the diversity of clinical manifestations in sickle cell anemia (HbSS). Objective: To identify β S haplotypes and genotypes, their frequencies and their probable association with clinical presentation in patients with sickle cell anemia in the state of Paraná. Method: Longitudinal and descriptive study for the definition of haplotypes, and associative study for analysis of their influence on clinical severity. By polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), polymorphic regions of 100 HbSS patients were identified. The association of haplotypes with clinical manifestations was analyzed in a subset of 52 pediatric patients. Results: In the state of Paraná, haplotype frequencies were: CAR: 76% BEN: 17.5% SEN: 0.5%, CAM: 0.5% and Atypical (Atp): 5.5%. Genotype frequencies were: CAR/CAR: 62%; CAR/BEN: 20%; CAR/Atp: 6%; CAR/ SEN: 1%; CAR/CAM: 1%; BEN/BEN: 6%; BEN/Atp: 3%, Atp/Atp: 1%. The average percentage of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) in CAR/CAR and CAR/BEN patients was higher than in other studies. Clinical manifestations were not influenced by β S haplotypes. Dactylitis and splenic sequestration occurred more frequently in children below 3 years of age. Conclusion: In this study, no association was found between haplotypes and clinical manifestations, probably given the almost absolute predominance of CAR and BEN haplotypes. However, this fact alerts to the possible influence of other polymorphisms and miscegenation in the Brazilian population.


RESUMO Introdução: A variabilidade nas manifestações clínicas da anemia falciforme (HbSS) pode ser influenciada pelos haplótipos no grupamento da globina β S, nomeados de acordo com a origem geográfica: República Centro-Africana (CAR), Benin (BEN), Senegal (SEN) Camarões (CAM) e árabe-indiano. Objetivo: Identificar haplótipos e genótipos da globina β S, suas frequências e as possíveis associações com manifestações clínicas em pacientes com anemia falciforme no estado do Paraná. Método: Estudo longitudinal e descritivo na distribuição dos haplótipos e associativo na análise da influência destes sobre as manifestações clínicas. Identificaram-se as regiões polimórficas da globina β S de 100 pacientes HbSS pela técnica da polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). A associação dos haplótipos com as manifestações clínicas foi analisada em um subgrupo de 52 pacientes pediátricos. Resultados: As frequências dos haplótipos foram CAR: 76%; BEN: 17,5%; SEN: 0,5%; CAM: 0,5% e Atípico (Atp): 5,5%. Os genótipos foram CAR/CAR: 62%; CAR/BEN: 20%; CAR/Atp: 6%; CAR/SEN: 1%; CAR/CAM: 1%; BEN/BEN: 6%; BEN/Atp: 3% e Atp/Atp: 1%. A porcentagem média de hemoglobina fetal (HbF) dos pacientes CAR/CAR e CAR/BEN foi maior que em outros estudos. Os haplótipos da globina β S não tiveram influência nas manifestações clínicas. A dactilite e o sequestro esplênico ocorreram com mais frequência nas crianças abaixo de 3 anos de idade. Conclusão: Na população estudada, não foi possível identificar associação dos haplótipos com as manifestações clínicas. Esse fato pode ser decorrente do predomínio quase absoluto dos haplótipos CAR e BEN, de diferentes polimorfismos e da miscigenação da população brasileira.

18.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1467449

ABSTRACT

Abstract The flying fox (Pteropus giganteus) also familiar with the name of the greater Indian fruit Bat belongs to the order Chiroptera and family Pteropodidae. Current research emphasis on the DNA barcoding of P. giganteus in Azad Jammu Kashmir. Bat sequences were amplified and PCR products were sequenced and examined by bioinformatics software. Congeneric and conspecific, nucleotide composition and K2P nucleotide deviation, haplotype diversity and the number of haplotypes were estimated. The analysis showed that all of the five studied samples of P. giganteus had low G contents (G 19.8%) than C (27.8%), A (25.1%) and T (27.3%) contents. The calculated haplotype diversity was 0.60% and the mean intraspecific K2P distance was 0.001% having a high number of transitional substitutions. The study suggested that P. giganteus (R=0.00) do not deviate from the neutral evolution. It was determined from the conclusion that this mtDNA gene is a better marker for identification of Bat species than nuclear genes due to its distinctive characteristics and may serve as a landmark for the identification of interconnected species at the molecular level and in the determination of population genetics.


Resumo A raposa-voadora (Pteropus giganteus), também conhecida como morcego indiano, pertence à ordem dos Chiroptera e à família Pteropodidae. A presente pesquisa dá ênfase ao código de barras de DNA de P. giganteus em Azad Jammu e Caxemira. Sequências genéticas dos morcegos foram amplificadas, e os produtos de PCR foram sequenciados e examinados por software de bioinformática. De espécies congenérica e coespecífica, foram estimados composição nucleotídica e desvio de nucleotídeos K2P, diversidade de haplótipos e número de haplótipos. A análise mostrou que todas as cinco amostras estudadas de P. giganteus apresentaram baixos teores de G (19,8%) em comparação com C (27,8%), A (25,1%) e T (27,3%). A diversidade de haplótipos calculada foi de 0,60%, e a distância média intraespecífica de K2P foi de 0,001%, com um elevado número de substituições transicionais. O estudo sugeriu que P. giganteus (R = 0,00) não se desviou da evolução neutra. É possível concluir que o gene mtDNA é um marcador favorável para identificação de espécies de morcegos do que genes nucleares por causa de suas características distintivas e pode servir como um marco para a identificação de espécies interconectadas em nível molecular e para a determinação genética de populações.

19.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 92(6): 602-608, Nov.-Dec. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-829120

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To verify genetic determinants associated with stroke in children with sickle cell disease (SCD). Methods: Prospective cohort with 110 children submitted to neonatal screening by the Neonatal Screening Program, between 1998 and 2007, with SCD diagnosis, followed at a regional reference public service for hemoglobinopathies. The analyzed variables were type of hemoglobinopathy, gender, coexistence with alpha thalassemia (α-thal), haplotypes of the beta globin chain cluster, and stroke. The final analysis was conducted with 66 children with sickle cell anemia (SCA), using the chi-squared test in the program SPSS® version 14.0. Results: Among children with SCD, 60% had SCA. The prevalence of coexistence with α-thal was 30.3% and the Bantu haplotype (CAR) was identified in 89.2%. The incidence of stroke was significantly higher in those with SCA (27.3% vs. 2.3%; p = 0.001) and males (24.1% vs. 9.6%; p = 0.044). The presence of α-thal (p = 0.196), the CAR haplotype (p = 0.543), and socioeconomic factors were not statistically significant in association with the occurrence of stroke. Conclusion: There is a high incidence of stroke in male children and in children with SCA. Coexistence with α-thal and haplotypes of the beta globin chain cluster did not show any significant association with stroke. The heterogeneity between previously evaluated populations, the non-reproducibility between studies, and the need to identify factors associated with stroke in patients with SCA indicate the necessity of conducting further research to demonstrate the relevance of genetic factors in stroke related to SCD.


Resumo Objetivo: Verificar fatores genéticos associados ao acidente vascular encefálico (AVE) em crianças com doença falciforme (DF). Métodos: Coorte prospectiva de 110 crianças submetidas à triagem neonatal pelo Programa de Triagem Neonatal, entre 1998-2007, com o diagnóstico de DF, atendidas em serviço público regional de referência em hemoglobinopatias. As variáveis analisadas foram: tipo de hemoglobinopatia, sexo, coexistência da alfa-Talassemia (α-Tal), haplótipos do cluster da cadeia beta globina e AVE. A análise estatística final foi feita com 66 crianças com anemia falciforme, por meio do teste do qui-quadrado no programa SPSS® 14.0. Resultados: Entre as crianças com DF, 60% eram portadoras de anemia falciforme. A prevalência da coexistência com a α-Tal foi de 30,3% e o haplótipo Bantu (CAR) foi identificado em 89,2%. A incidência de AVE foi significativamente maior nas crianças com AF (27,3% versus 2,3%; p = 0,001) e no sexo masculino (24,1% versus 9,6%; p = 0,044. A presença da α-Tal (p = 0,196), do haplótipo CAR (p = 0,543) e de fatores socioeconômicos não foi significantemente associada à ocorrência de AVE. Conclusão: O AVE apresenta alta incidência em crianças com AF e em crianças do sexo masculino. Coexistência de α-Tal ou de haplótipos do cluster da betaglobina não apresentaram associação significante com AVE. A heterogeneticidade entre as populações previamente avaliadas e a não reprodutibilidade entre estudos indicam a necessidade de novas pesquisas para verificar o papel desses fatores genéticos no AVE em crianças com DF.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Stroke/genetics , Anemia, Sickle Cell/genetics , Haplotypes/genetics , Chi-Square Distribution , Sex Factors , Incidence , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , alpha-Thalassemia/genetics , Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial , Stroke/etiology , Stroke/epidemiology , Anemia, Sickle Cell/complications
20.
Bol. malariol. salud ambient ; 56(1): 53-62, jul. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-839003

ABSTRACT

The mosquito Aedes aegypti is the main Dengue vector in Latin America. This study investigated the genetic structure of this vector using samples collected in Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Mexico, Argentina, Puerto Rico, and French Guiana. We examined the distribution of a 246-basepair region of the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 mitochondrial gene among a total of 369 Ae. aegypti from all the populations. This gene was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and tested for variation using single strand conformation polymorphism analysis. Twelve haplotypes were detected among all the countries sampled and grouped into two clades. Significant differentiation was detected among the populations studied and these were not genetically isolated by distance.


El mosquito Aedes aegypti es el principal vector del Dengue en los países latinoamericanos. En este estudio se investigó la estructura genética de este vector en muestras colectadas en Venezuela, Colombia, Perú, Mexico, Argentina, Puerto Rico y Guyana Francesa. Nosotros examinamos la distribución de una región de 246 pares de bases del gen mitochondrial de la subunidad 4 de la NADH deshidrogenasa entre un total de 369 Ae. aegypti de todas las poblaciones. Este gen fue amplificado por la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa y la variación se determinó usando el análisis de polimorfismos de conformación de cadena simple. Doce haplotipos se detectaron entre todos los países y se repartieron en dos clados. Una diferenciación significativa se detectó entre las poblaciones y estas no se encontraron genéticamente aisladas por distancia.

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